Comped321L Quiz 7

1. Discuss the components required for successful communications.

Sender - initiates instructions to transmit data, information.
Communication Device - connects communication device to communication channel.
Receiving Device - accepts the transmission of data,instruction or information.
Communication Channel -  media on which data, information, or instruction travel.

2. Identify various sending and receiving devices.

Sending device initiates the transmission of data, instructions, and information.

Receiving device accepts the items transmitted.

Microcomputers, minicomputers, and mainframes all can serve as sending and receiving devices.

Besides, Internet appliances and Web enabled handheld computers and devices (e.g., cellular telephones and pagers) can also serve as sending and receiving devices.

3. Describe uses of computer communications.

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is defined as any communicative transaction that occurs through the use of two or more networked computers. While the term has traditionally referred to those communications that occur via computer-mediated formats (e.g., instant messages, e-mails, chat rooms), it has also been applied to other forms of text-based interaction such as text messaging. Research on CMC focuses largely on the social effects of different computer-supported communication technologies. Many recent studies involve Internet-based social networking supported by social software.

4. List advantages of using a network.

• share software
• share information with others on networks
• share peripherals
• speed of sharing software and information files
• cheaper than buying individual software and hardware for each standalone especially if for a school, network software often offers deals for amount being purchased
• security, files can be copy inhibit mode
• centralized software management- software being loaded onto one computer but also this loads software to entire network at one time
• electronic mail(e-mail) between network users, ideal for office memos
• flexible access- access you files from any computer on the network unlike standalone which would mean only being able to access your data from the one computer you uploaded data onto.

5. Differentiate among client/server, peer-to-peer, and P2P networks.

Client/server describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program , the client, makes a service request from another system, the server, which fulfills the request. In a network, the client/server model provides a convenient way to efficiently interconnect programs that are distributed across different locations

Another structure for a distributes system is the peer - to peer (P2P)system model. In this model, clients and servers are not distinguished from one another; instead, all nodes within the system may act as either client or a server, depending on whether it is requesting or prividing a service.

In client server system , the server is a bottle neck; but in a peer-to peer system, services can be provided by several nodes throughout the network.

6. Describe the various network communications standards.

Network communication standards are certain rules and specifications framed by standard organisations for manufacturing network hardware and developing network software.
Major communication standards have been formed by the organisations like ISO, IEEE etc.

7. Explain the purpose of communications software.

Communication software is used to provide remote access to systems and is also used to exchange messages in text, audio and video format for the purpose of communication. These software send and receive data over telephone lines through modems. The communication software allows computers in different geographical regions to communicate with each other through terminal emulators, file transfer programs, chat and instant messaging programs.

8. Describe various types of lines for communications over the telephone network.

  PSTN - Worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls.

  Dial-up line - Temporary connection using telephone line for communications.

  Dedicated line - Always on connection between two communication devices.  

9. Describe commonly used communications devices.

Telephone

• One of the most commonly used communication devices is the telephone. A telephone is a device that enables the sender to communicate with the receiver at great distances using the voice. The sender dials a number and the receiver accepts the call. Once the two are connected they can send messages via a telephone using their voices. The telephone is commonly seen in the form of a cell phone which allows people to use their telephone virtually anywhere without any wires.

PDA's

• PDA is an acronym for Personal Digital Assistant. PDAs were designed to give the user more control and the capability of using a variety of communication methods in one device. PDAs come in many shapes and sizes but most are small enough to fit in a person's pocket. A PDA enables the user to check email, access the Internet, make phone calls and download millions of special applications. A PDA also helps the user organize vital information, plan meetings and maintain control of daily logistics.

Radio

• Radio is used to send a message in long or short distance and is a closed network of various receivers. Radios are commonly used by police departments, medical organizations and large sporting events. Radios use radio waves to send and receive messages, making it a different device compared to the telephone. Telephones use fiber optics or cell phone towers to send and receive messages while radios don't require a special mediator.

Computer

•  The home computer and laptop computers have become a vital communication device in modern life. Computers give the user the ability to communicate using the written word, video and audio. A computer enables users to access the full extent of the Internet such as social networks, emails and video chatting. Computers are also used in various electronic devices such as automotive vehicles. An automotive vehicle can have multiple computers that communicate with one another to maintain proper functionality.

10. Discuss different ways to set up a home network.

To set up a home network that is wired, you will need to have a network card in each computer, a router, and enough cables to connect them all.  You will also need the documentation that came with your router.  

• Step 1 - Connect the cable from your internet modem to the port on the router labeled either uplink, or internet in most cases.  
• Step 2 - Connect the first computer to anyone of the other ports.  
• Step 3 - Log into your router refer to the information that came with your router.  This is usually done by entering 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1 into your address bar.  Your documentation will tell you which one.  
• Step 4 - Enter the username and password that is instructed by your router documentation.  
• Step 5 - You should now be in the router setup.  Enter all the information for internet, you will need the protocol, PPPoE in this case, the username and password from your internet service provider.  Click on Save when done.
• Step 6 - If your router supports wireless, click on the tab.  Disable it, and save changes.  This way you don't have any unwanted eyes.  
• Step 7 - Click on administration or something along those lines and change your default router password.  Save changes.  

11. Identify various physical and wireless transmission media.

A transmission medium (plural transmission media) is a material substance (solid, liquid, gas, or plasma) that can propagate energy waves. For example, the transmission medium for sound received by the ears is usually air, but solids and liquids may also act as transmission media for sound.

The absence of a material medium in vacuum may also constitute a transmission medium for electromagnetic waves such as light and radio waves. While material substance is not required for electromagnetic waves to propagate, such waves are usually affected by the transmission media they pass through, for instance by absorption or by reflection or refraction at the interfaces between media.

Comped321L Quiz 6

1.Define system software and identify the two types of system software.
 

System software is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software.

The most basic types of system software are:

• The computer BIOS and device firmware, which provide basic functionality to operate and control the hardware connected to or built into the computer.
• The operating system (prominent examples being Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux), which allows the parts of a computer to work together by performing tasks like transferring data between memory and disks or rendering output onto a display device. It also provides a platform to run high-level system software and application software.
• Utility software, which helps to analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer.

2.Briefly describe various server operating systems: Windows Server, UNIX,Linux, Solaris, and NetWare.

Windows Server is a brand name for a group of server operating systems released by Microsoft Corporation. All are part of Microsoft Servers.

  

Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix) is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.

Linux (commonly  /ˈlɪnəks/ lin-əks in English,^[ also pronounced /ˈlɪnʊks/ lin-uuks  in Europe) refers to the family of Unix-like computer operating systems using the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers, routers and video game consoles, to desktop computers, mainframes and supercomputers.

Solaris, as it is now known, has been owned by Oracle Corporation since Oracle's acquisition of Sun in January 2010

NetWare is a network operating system developed by Novell, Inc. It initially used cooperative multitasking to run various services on a personal computer, with network protocols based on the archetypal Xerox Network Systems stack.

3.Summarize the features of several embedded operating systems: Windows Embedded CE, Windows Mobile, Palm OS, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, Google Android, Embedded Linux, and Symbian OS.

Microsoft Windows CE (now officially known as Windows Embedded Compact and previously also known as Windows Embedded CE ,and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is an operating system developed by Microsoft for embedded systems. Windows CE is a distinct operating system and kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows.

Windows Mobile is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft that was used in smartphones and mobile devices, but by 2011 was rarely supplied on new phones. The last version is "Windows Mobile 6.5.5"; it is superseded by Windows Phone 7, which does not run Windows Mobile software.

Palm OS (also known as Garnet OS) is a mobile operating system initially developed by Palm, Inc., for personal digital assistants (PDAs) in 1996. Palm OS is designed for ease of use with a touchscreen-based graphical user interface. It is provided with a suite of basic applications for personal information management. Later versions of the OS have been extended to support smartphones.

BlackBerry is a line of mobile e-mail and smartphone devices developed and designed by Research In Motion (RIM) since 1999.

BlackBerry phones function as a personal digital assistant and portable media player.

Android's mobile operating system is based on the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release.

Embedded Linux is the use of Linux in embedded computer systems such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants, media players, set-top boxes, and other consumer electronics devices, networking equipment, machine control, industrial automation, navigation equipment and medical instruments.

Symbian is a mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Nokia.

4.Explain the purpose of several utility programs: file manager, search utility, image viewer, uninstaller, disk cleanup, disk defragmenter, backup and

restore utilities, screen saver, personal firewall, antivirus programs, spyware and adware removers, Internet filters, file compression, media player, disc burning, and personal computer maintenance.

File manager or file browser is a computer program that provides a user interface to work with file systems. The most common operations performed on files or groups of files are: create, open, edit, view, print, play, rename, move, copy, delete, search/find, and modify attributes, properties and permissions.

Web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web and FTP servers. The search results are generally presented in a list of results and are often called hits.

Disk Cleanup (cleanmgr.exe) is a computer maintenance utility included in Microsoft Windows designed to free up disk space on a computer's hard drive.

Disk Defragmenter is a utility in Microsoft Windows designed to increase access speed by rearranging files stored on a disk to occupy contiguous storage locations, a technique called defragmentation.

Backup or the process of backing up refers to making copies of data so that these additional copies may be used to restore the original after a data loss event.

Screensaver is a type of computer program initially designed to prevent phosphor burn-in on CRT and plasma computer monitors by blanking the screen or filling it with moving images or patterns when the computer is not in use.

Personal firewall is an application which controls network traffic to and from a computer, permitting or denying communications based on a security policy.

Antivirus or anti-virus software is used to prevent, detect, and remove malware, including but not limited to computer viruses, computer worm, trojan horses, spyware and adware.

Spyware is a type of malware that can be installed on computers, and which collects small pieces of information about users without their knowledge.

Adware Professional is a rogue anti-spyware program – a fake adware remover, which uses scare tactics to intimidate the user into buying its fake full version.

Compression is useful because it helps reduce the consumption of expensive resources, such as hard disk space or transmission bandwidth.

Media player is a term typically used to describe computer software for playing back multimedia files.

Computer maintenance is the practice of keeping computers in a good state of repair

Image viewer or image browser is a computer program that can display stored graphical image; it can often handle various graphics file formats.

Uninstaller, also called a deinstaller, is a utility software designed to remove other software or parts of it from a computer. It is the opposite of an installer.

Comped321L Quiz5

1. Differentiate between storage devices and storage media.

Storage device refers to the apparatus for recording computer data. Examples are the RAM, floppy drives, ZIP drives, and other disks drives. While, storage media are the materials on which data are written and stored. Examples are the floppy disks, optical discs, hard disks, etc.

2. Identify the uses of tape, magnetic stripe cards, smart cards, microfilm and microfiche, and enterprise storage.

Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost. A tape drive reads and writes data and information on tape. Business users utilize tape most often for long-term storage and backup. A magnetic stripe card is a credit card, entertainment card, bank card, or other similar card with a stripe that contains information identifying you and the card. A magnetic stripe card reader reads the information stored on the stripe. A smart card, which is similar in size to a credit or ATM card, stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card. A smart card reader reads the information on the smart card and updates it if necessary. Microfilm is a 100- to 215-foot roll of film. Microfiche is a small sheet of film, usually about 4 X 6 inches. Microfilm and microfiche reduce the amount of paper firms must handle, are inexpensive, and have the longest life of any storage media. Enterprises use computers, servers, and networks to manage and store huge volumes of data and information. In an enterprise, some storage systems can provide more than 185 TB of storage, and optical disc servers hold hundreds of optical discs.

3. Describe the various types of flash memory storage: solid state drives, memory cards, USB flash drives, and ExpressCard modules.

Flash memory chips are a type of solid state media, which means they consist entirely of electronic components and contain no moving parts. A solid state drive (SSD) typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information. A memory card is a removable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer. Common memory cards include CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD), Secure Digital High Capacity (SDHC), microSD, microSDHC, xD Picture Card, Memory Stick, and Memory Stick Micro (M2). A USB flash drive, sometimes called a thumb drive, is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a port on a computer or mobile device. An ExpressCard module is a removable device that fits in an ExpressCard slot. Express Card modules can add memory, storage, communications, or other capabilities to a computer.

4. Differentiate among various types of optical discs: CDs, archive discs and Picture CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs.

A CD-ROM, or compact disc read-only memory, is a type of optical disc that uses laser technology to store items. Users can read the contents of standard CD-ROMs but cannot erase or modify their contents. A CD-R (compact disc-recordable) is a multisession disc on which users can record their own items, such as text, graphics, and audio. Each part of a CD-R can be written on only one time, and the disc's contents cannot be erased. A CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) is an erasable disc that can be written on multiple times. An archive disc stores photos from an online photo center in the jpg file format. A Picture CD is a single-session CD-ROM that stores digital versions of film using the jpg format at a lower resolution than an archive disc. A DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc-read-only memory or digital video disc-read-only memory) is a high capacity optical disc that you can read but not write on or erase. A newer, more expensive DVD format is Blu-ray Disc-ROM (BD-ROM), with higher capacity and better quality than standard DVDs. Many types of recordable and rewritable DVD formats are available. DVD-R and DVD+R are DVD-recordable formats. BD-R is a high-capacity DVD-recordable format. DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are rewritable DVD formats that allow users to erase and record multiple times. BD-RE is a high-capacity rewritable DVD format.

5. Summarize the characteristics of ink-jet printers, photo printers, laser printers, multifunction peripherals, thermal printers, mobile printers, label and postage printers, and plotters and large-format printers

An inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer.

Laser printers operate by shining a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The drum is then rolled through a pool, or reservoir, or toner, and the electrically charged portions of the drum pick up ink. Finally, using a combination of heat and pressure, the ink on the drum is transferred onto the page. Laser printers print  very fast, and the supply cartridges work a long time. Color laser printers use the same toner-based printing process as black and white ( B/W) laser printers, except that they combine four different toner colors.  Color laser printers can also be used as a regular black and white laser printer. 

Multifunction printers: combine top-quality color ink-jet or laser printing with plain-paper and PC faxing, color copying and color scanning , telephoning- all in one convenient, space-saving machine. If you work from home or have a small office a multifunctional device may be ideal. 

Label Printers are  the smartest way to print labels one at a time.  The printers allow easy installation.  You can  get high-quality, professional results every time. There are multi-purpose  printers , that can print different types of labels. For example, label printers used in supermarkets can print bar codes as well as normal text. There are also some label printers that can print different sizes of labels on goods.

Plotters  (Designjet) are large-scale printers that are very accurate at reproducing line drawings. They are commonly used for technical drawings such as engineering drawings or architectural blueprints. The two basic types of plotters are called flatbed plotters and drum plotters. Flatbed plotters are horizontally aligned with a flat surface to which a piece of paper is attached. The paper remains stationary and the printer moves pens across the paper to draw the image. Drum plotters, also called upright plotters, are vertically positioned. They have a drum that the paper rolls on. Drum plotters usually make more noise and are more compact than flatbed plotters. 

Portable printers are usually fairly lightweight and sometimes carry the option of using a battery instead of drawing power from the computer. Usually they realize basic print resolutions suitable for plain text printing. You can find on the market the following types of the portable printers:  Thermal printer, Thermal transfer printer and Ink-Jet printer. The main advantage of thermal and thermal transfer printers is that they can be very small. The smallest thermal and  thermal transfer printers  weigh  approximately one pound. Usually the  ink-jet portable printer weighs more than 2 pounds. Thermal printers require a special type of paper.

 

Comped321L Quiz3

1. Describe the four categories of output.

Monitors

Flat-screen monitors are more energy efficient than cathode ray-tube monitors.

Speakers and Headphones

Headphones are used to turn your computer into a telephone, stereo, or video game. Part of the sound card system that produces multimedia, speakers and headphones produce audio output.

Printers

Modern printers are advanced enough to publish detailed graphic arts and photos. Printers are used to make hard copies of computer output.

Disks and External Drives

Portable memory sticks may have rendered CDs obsolete as output devices. CDs (which include rewritable CDs, DVDs), floppy disks and external hard drives are used as storage devices for data output.

2. Characteristics of:

• LCD Monitor- ultra-slim, stylish, full color display devices for the PC that fit in any part of the home or office.
• LCD Screens- lightweight, aesthetically appealing, energy efficient and long-term cost effective. 
• Plasma Monitors- produce rich colors along with very deep blacks, wide viewing
• HDTV’s- black level, brightness, contrast, color saturation, image processing, screen composition, tuners and cable card. 

 3. Components inside the System Unit:

• Processor
• memory
• adapter cards

-sound card

-modem card

-video card

-network card

• ports
• drive bays
• power supply

4. Components of a Processor:

• Control Unit
• Arithmetic/ Logic Unit (ALU)
• Register

 The machine cycle is the name of the four operations of the CPU. The first step is to 'fetch' the program instructions/data from the memory. The second step is to 'decode', which means translate the instruction into instructions. Step three is to 'execute', carry out the instruction. Finally step four is to 'store', write the result back to memory.

5. Define a BIT and describe how a series of Bits Represents a Data

When the user press any letter using the keyboard the electronic signal from that letter is sent to the system unit then the system unit converts it to its binary code and stored in memory for processing. After processing the binary code for that particular letter is converted to an image and displayed on the output device.

6. Categories of Application Software:

• Personal productivity Applications
• Multimedia and Graphics applications
• Communications applications 
• Home and Educational

7.  The Key Features in Business programs in terms of software is editing and typing and other stuff knowing what letters to use like formatting.

8. Using web authoring software can help build web pages faster, an advantage if you are facing a deadline or a large project. There are several different types of web authoring software you can use to make great web pages without having to know all of the ins and outs of web page creation.

9. History of Internet

The history of the Internet starts in the 1950s and 1960s with the development of computers. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks.

In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science NetworkNSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. Commercial internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and 1990s and the Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. (CSNET) and again in 1986 when

Since the mid-1990s the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) and Internet2. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking.

10. Different storage devices:

• Hard drive
• External Hard Drives
• network Attached Storage
• Optical Media Storage
• Flash Drives 

"Sayop ba nako"

"Sayop ba nako
nga hi gugmaon taka
wala man nako na tuyoa, ang higugmaon ka.."

"Sayop ba nako nga ang gibati ko
kay gugma'ng tinud-anay
mapugngan ba nako nga ge higugma jud ta ka..."

kalagot oi... hinay kaau mag loading akong unit...
grrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr...

Comped321l Quiz 2

1. Describe various types of pen input, and identify other types of input for smart phones.

Light Pen - Light pen is actually one more pointing input gadget. This will pick up on existence of light. It's a hand held pen fashioned gadget having a photocell installed in it's front-end. Once the front-end on the pen is actually touched on the display screen, the actual photocell registers a position associated with display. This kind of instrument also offers a button. An individual points to the actual object that will end up being chosen on the display screen using the light pen after which clicks the button in the pen. Light pen gadgets are utilized by technical engineers, visual creative designers and so on. These types of gadgets call for unique displays. Light pen can be used on PDA's and also other kinds of portable computers.
The electrical light pen input instrument is usually combined with creating computer software. Designed screen data files are usually joined using a light pen simply by directing it to display positions. A new place shows up on the screen in the area exactly where pen is placed which is sensed through the photocell. The pc software operated the feedback transmission of the instrument.
Digitizer - A Digitizer is also called a graphic tablet and uses a pen input device. It's a flat, rectangle-shaped digital plastic material pad. Every position to the digitizer points to matching video display. It's primarily useful for producing road maps and also engineering blueprints. The actual input gadgets stylus pen and also cursor can be used to trace sketches and also drawings to the digitizer.
Whenever you sketch upon the digitizer with the aid of the stylus pen or cursor, this converts the actual actions associated with stylus or cursor straight into electronic signals which are afterwards routed to the laptop or computer. Therefore a digitizer makes it simple to key in free-hand sketching in to a laptop or computer.
Stylus and Cursor - Stylus pen is actually like a ballpoint pen. It's utilized to compose textual content or make lines (or generate drawings and also pictures) on the exclusively developed graphics display or digitizer. Pen input devices found in several sophisticated graphic devices is called Digital Pen. Generally electronic digital pen supplies much more performance compared to stylus pen.
Stylus pen can be used in graphic programs for instance Computer Aided Design (CAD) and also engineering blueprints and so forth. It's got the convenience of removing textual content as well as lines.
Several portable personal computers make use of touch screens which permit someone to enter any data and even to enable selections in the monitor utilizing a stylus pen or a digital pen. PDA's utilize pen input devices along with tablet Computers quite often use a digital pen. These laptop or computer operates one-of-a-kind platforms also known as optical character recognition. Such a program converts written characters along with symbols to a mode which the computer systems may use and also process all of them.
The actual cursor is surely an input product. It's also used to trace sketches and also drawings with a graphic tablet or perhaps digitizer. This appears like some sort of computer mouse, with the exception of it's got a window using crosshairs, therefore the end user is able to see through to the actual digitizer. Cursor is generally known as Puck.
2. The purpose of various game controllers: gamepads, joysticksand wheels, light guns, dance pads,
and motion-sensing game controllers.

A gamepad, also known as a joypad, is the most common kind of game controller. They are held in both hands with thumbs and fingers used to provide input. Gamepads can have a number of action buttons combined with one or more omnidirectional control sticks or buttons. Action buttons are generally handled with the digits on the right hand, and the directional input handled with the left. Gamepads are the primary means of input on nearly all modern video game console. Due to the ease of use and precision of gamepads, they have spread from their origin on traditional consoles to computers, where a variety of games and emulators support their input.

This joystick is a peripheral  that consists of a handheld stick that can be tilted around either of two axes and (sometimes) twisted around a third. The joystick is often used for flight simulators..

The steering wheel, essentially a larger version of a paddle, is used in most racing arcade games as well as more recent racing simulators.

A light gun is a peripheral used to "shoot" targets on a screen. They usually roughly resemble firearms or ray guns. Their use is normally limited to rail shooters.

A dance pad, also known as a dance mat, dance platform, or jitter deck is a flat electronic game controller used for input in dance games. Most dance pads are divided into a 3×3 matrix of square panels for the player to stand on, with some or all of the panels corresponding to directions or actions within the game. Some dance pads also have extra buttons outside of the main stepping area, such as "Start" and "Select". Pairs of dance pads are often joined side-by-side for certain gameplay modes.
3. Explain how resolution affects the quality of a picture captured on a
digital camera.

Image resolution describes the detail an image holds. The term applies to raster digital images, film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail.
Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Basically, resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, or TV lines), or to angular subtenant. Line pairs are often used instead of lines; a line pair comprises a dark line and an adjacent light line. A Line (or TV line, TVL) is either a dark line or a light line.

4. Describe the uses of voice recognition, Web cams, and video conferencing.

Voice recognition is the process of taking the spoken word as an input to a computer program. This process is important to virtual reality because it provides a fairly natural and intuitive way of controlling the simulation while allowing the user's hands to remain free.

A webcam is a video camera which feeds its images in real time to a computer or computer network.

Video calling support has also been added to several popular instant messaging programs.
 Video security

Webcams are also used as security cameras. Software is available to allow PC-connected cameras to watch for movement and sound, recording both when they are detected; these recordings can then be saved to the computer, e-mailed or uploaded to the Internet. In one well-publicised case,a computer e-mailed out images as the burglar stole it, allowing the owner to give police a clear picture of the burglar's face even after the computer had been stolen.

A videoconference or video conference (also known as a videoteleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called 'visual collaboration' and is a type of groupware